baroque_mongoose: A tabby cat with a very intelligent expression looking straight at the camera. (Default)
My late father used to drive me mad sometimes, and one of the ways in which he did that was by his apparent inability to comprehend the idea that anything could be subjective. He was, in his own eyes, the final arbiter of taste, and anything he personally didn't like (or thought he wouldn't like) was automatically "rubbish". There was no nuance there at all. He couldn't get his head round the fact that, while I don't especially like Beethoven myself, I can still appreciate that he was a great composer, and that in fact I much prefer Bach. No, in his black and white world, you liked Beethoven or there was something wrong with you, and Bach was somehow objectively boring.

Last night I bought an e-book which reminded me of him very much. It was a book on manuscript illumination; there was no blurb about it, but on the other hand the site was selling it at better than half price, so I decided I didn't mind risking £3. And it turned out to be 19th century. I don't know how familiar you are with 19th century textbooks, but they are quite often hilariously opinionated, and this one was a truly spectacular example of that. My dad had a few bees in his bonnet; this author had an entire hive. He had clearly written the book not merely to teach illumination (which I don't think the book does very well, but it does have an extensive appendix containing enough useful reference designs to justify its price), but also - and, quite possibly, even more importantly - to hammer his pet theory into the head of every reader. This pet theory was that illumination reached its peak in the 13th and 14th centuries, and everything done after that was at best "debased" and at worst actually "evil". (I mean. Seriously?!)

It's on every page. The adjectives pile up. We hear continually about the simplicity, beauty, purity, and so forth of the 13th and 14th century styles, and even more about how terrible the later styles are in comparison. The author is positively scathing about the increased amount of gold used in later MSS, deprecating it as "tinselly" and "vulgar", and if there isn't enough text on a page for him he criticises the results as "mere picture-books" (because for some reason everyone knows that picture-books are Bad and Wrong, I suppose). After several pages of this diatribe, the reader - well, this reader, at any rate - is inevitably overtaken by a desire to go and study some good 15th and 16th century MSS, on the grounds that if this writer felt he had to put so much time and energy into knocking them, there can't possibly be anything obviously wrong with them.

Anyway. I re-checked the rules for the scroll blank competition (turns out I made a mistake yesterday; 160 gsm perg would not have been acceptable after all), and they want historical documentation. Whoops. This piece is mostly out of my own head, apart from the Evangelist symbols. So I did some research, and it turns out that my current piece would actually fit best in the 15th century. Both Celtic knotwork and the Evangelist symbols were used throughout the history of illumination, but my references for the latter came from a 15th-century stained-glass window, and also my colour scheme is no earlier than the 15th century. I have used a lot of green; earlier illumination majored heavily on blue, purple, and scarlet (like the decorations in the Tabernacle, which may have been the inspiration behind that colour scheme), and any stems and leaves tended to be worked in pink or lilac. Very little green was used. More naturalistic colouring came later, but apparently was not favoured by the author of this book, despite his flat assertion that "all beauty without exception is derived from nature".

Well... I like green. So it looks as if all my illumination is going to be, in effect, later-period, regardless of the actual style.

This shouldn't amuse me as much as it does.
baroque_mongoose: A tabby cat with a very intelligent expression looking straight at the camera. (Default)
We have the Yule Ball coming up, in the grand tradition of Christmas-related events starting when you're still barely into Advent. It's the first weekend in December; it's actually in our (SCA) shire, so the travel distance isn't too horrible this time (unlike the last SCA event I went to, when we were held up for quite some time on the journey back); and there is, among other things, a scribal competition.

Well, in fact, it's really an illumination competition, because what we're being asked to produce is scroll blanks. These are illuminated manuscript sheets which can later be scribed up as scrolls (in the SCA sense, as previously defined). There are several reasons for needing these. You might have a fine calligrapher who isn't that confident at doing illumination; or you might need a scroll in a hurry, and although the calligrapher can illuminate, they don't have time to do both parts. For the purpose of this competition you can do a blank either with or without an elaborate first letter. I've chosen to do a B, because "Be it known" is a pretty good all-purpose way to kick off the wording (and the one I use myself if I have any choice in the matter).

Beyond that, all you really need do is ensure you're using pergamentata of a certain weight (I'm using 230 gsm, the heaviest quality, which is a lot nicer to handle than the 160 gsm, which is also acceptable). Or you can use a similar quality of archival-standard paper; but you know you're safe with perg, plus it looks nice, plus if you're really not confident about your artwork it's translucent enough that you can trace through it, even at 230 gsm. (I haven't yet needed to do that, but I don't rule it out.)

Illumination is basically what your 0.7 mm dip pen nib is for. You're never going to use that for calligraphy because you need a wide line for that (unless, of course, you go in for what's known as "secretary hand", but I can never get that to look neat - mind you, neither did the mediaeval scribes, so I suppose it isn't a prerequisite, but I'm not going to attempt to use it for scrolls). The general rule for illumination, unless you have a much steadier hand than I do, is that you do your outlining with the narrow dip pen nib and most of your filling-in with a brush, though if you have very detailed and complex areas to fill you might want the narrow nib for that too.

This particular piece is building organically, rather like a story. When I write a story, I start with the characters and a very basic outline, then I let the characters do their own thing and see what happens; they'll always do a better job of driving the plot than I can. This is similar. My "characters" this time were the large initial B, some Celtic knotwork, and the mediaeval symbols for the four Evangelists - these being a winged man for Matthew, a winged lion for Mark, a winged ox for Luke, and an eagle for John.

So, obviously, the first thing to do was to draw a large cartouche at top left for the initial, and three smaller ones in the remaining corners. Matthew's symbol, being more vertical than the others, could go in the cartouche with the B (in fact, I ended up with the man standing behind it and looking through the top of it, holding lightly onto the letter's vertical stroke with his right hand), and the other three could go round clockwise from there. I left actually drawing them in till I'd done the knotwork, which connected the letter cartouche to the one below it and then that one to the one at bottom right; I'm leaving the other two sides more open, but will add some light naturalistic decoration (I'm considering vines at the moment). There is a special trick for doing knotwork, and it is to start by marking out the centres of the negative spaces (ie those between the lines of knotwork); do that and you will get it nice and even.

I had to do a fair bit of pre-sketching before I was confident not only to draw the Evangelist symbols, but to fit them into their little cartouches (Matthew has more room, but the rest are only 3.5 cm square). That, though, is now all done (Luke gave me the most problems; I do not rock at drawing oxen), and I've done most of the gilding, including their haloes. Because my gold ink is both opaque and water-resistant, it makes sense to apply that first, before doing any of the other colours.

So that's where I am at the moment. I have a little under two weeks to get it finished, and I think I should manage it, especially since the new set of dedicated scribal brushes showed up today (I hadn't been expecting them till Friday). It is hugely stress-relieving, because it requires 100% concentration.

I think I'd have made a fairly decent mediaeval monk.
baroque_mongoose: A tabby cat with a very intelligent expression looking straight at the camera. (Default)
Things are, as you'll have noticed, pretty stressful at the moment for a number of reasons; but the calligraphy does help with that, and I'm happy to be able to report that last night I was assigned my very first scroll.

I say "scroll", but it isn't really. A scroll, technically, should be a thing you roll up; but in the SCA, when anyone says "scroll", everyone understands that what is meant is a beautifully calligraphed and illuminated award certificate which can be framed, should the recipient so desire. They're usually A4 size, at any rate in this country, but I've seen them other sizes, and even with somewhat unusual shapes (one of the scrolls handed out at the Crown Tourney was a parallelogram). I'm quite used to referring to that as a "scroll", but it's as well to make it absolutely clear what is meant, for the benefit of those not in the SCA.

I think I've mentioned this before, but, as a reminder, in the SCA people get awards for all sorts of things; and this particular scroll that I am doing is what is called an Award of Arms. This is something everyone gets after a while, usually after being in the SCA for about a year. I didn't get one when I was a member previously, but then I'm not sure many other members even knew I existed, because circumstances were very different at that point; now that I'm much more able to get involved, I can reasonably expect to get one after a while. This award is basically saying "yay for you, you're doing great, keep it up", and it gives you the right to the title of Lord/Lady/Noble, whichever one works for you.

I'm not illuminating this one myself because there isn't really time; the scroll is needed for the Yule Ball, which is only just over three weeks away. So our signet has sent me a couple of scroll blanks, which means pre-illuminated sheets of pergamenata (an excellent, 100% vegan, and eye-wateringly expensive parchment substitute; I have just bought some myself). I was also expecting to be sent the wording to use, but no, apparently that's not how it works. They send you the name of the recipient, some information about what they've been doing in the SCA, the nature and date of the award, and who exactly is doing the awarding (not a given - we are a principality which is part of a larger realm, so in this case it is the Prince and Princess who are awarding, but it may be the King and Queen). You then come up with your own appropriately fancy mediaeval wording. Since it's my first scroll, I ran said wording by our signet just to check; he's very happy with it, so I'll be starting shortly.

I will not, of course, start by writing straight on the scroll blank. There will be a lot of pre-testing involved to make sure I have the lettering the right size (which may mean fiddling about with different nibs, but in any case I'll be doing pencil samples to start with). Once I'm completely happy with it, then I copy it over to the blank, adding colour as required (possibly red for initial capitals, and gold for the recipient's name). And, once it's done, I can get on with creating more scroll blanks at my leisure. It's a bit like priming the scribal pump, really.

I do many crafts (too many, if I'm honest); but calligraphy is the one that requires by far the most intense concentration, and therefore it's the best stress reliever. I can just zone out doing calligraphy. I can knit, sew, or do almost anything else with my mind at least partly on other things, but calligraphy? You focus. You have to. If you don't, you are going to make a mistake, and we don't want that on someone's lovely piece of illumination.

Hopefully by the time it's been presented, I'll have found somewhere I can upload a photo to show you. I'm obviously not showing anyone till then!

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